Fishmeal replacers by alternative sources for shrimp feed: General aspects

Shrimp production for the year 2025 is expected to be 7,760,000 tons worldwide, which consumed around 10.48 million tons of feed. In Latin America they will be used around of 806,288 tons mainly distributed in three main producers in the region such as Ecuador (543,750 tons), Mexico (187,538 tons) and Brazil (75,000 ton). The shrimp industry is one of the dominant consumers of fishmeal in the aquaculture sector, and to meet the demand of a growing industry given a limited supply of marine ingredients, food manufacturers have decreased the inclusion of fishmeal fish in most commercial diets. It has been found that almost 20% of the overall production of fish meal is supplied through fishery by-products and that the inclusion of at least 10% of a high quality marine origin ingredient is required in the diet. The use of plant no-conventional ingredients has shown that inclusion in shrimp diets above 25% can have a negative effect on their growth. In addition, the inclusion of marine ingredients in at least 5% in the diet contributes to maintaining the palatability of the diets. Regarding the availability of by-products and food waste (3% to 38%), post-harvest technology such as bioconservation and biotransformation contribute to improving the potential as substitute ingredients for fishmeal, and it has been identified that marine plants and microbial biomass have limitations for their application at the industrial level. However now in commercially manufactured shrimp feeds, fishmeal can be partially or totally substituted using alternative plant sources in combination with poultry by-products (as an example), without significantly affecting the growth of shrimp at a semi-intensive level. Finally, it is considered that it is necessary to base the regional development of shrimp farming with a greater use of food inputs not suitable for human consumption, available locally to replace fishmeal, which will translate into long-term ecological, economic and social sustainability shrimp aquaculture industry deadline. Key Word: Fish meal; shrimp; aquaculture; alternative sources. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 18-05-2020 Date of Acceptance: 03-06-2020 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------