The effect of smiles on social rejection in a natural fundraising context

Objective: The aim of the present study is to explore the effect of intentional smiling on social rejection in a natural fundraising context. Method: Two studies analyze the effect of smiling on passerby conduct, as well as related influence mechanisms. First, 1298 passersby were approached by two fundraisers, one male and one female; in half of their attempts to engage the passersby the fundraisers approached with a friendly smile, whereas in the other half they did not smile. Data were collected on the frequency of rejections and acceptances of contact with the fundraiser. Second, 1157 approaches were made to analyze the effect of smiling on types of rejection. Results: Results suggest that the likelihood of the interaction being accepted is greater with a smiling than a non-smiling approach. Conclusions: Hostile rejections appear to be an effect of the positive impression smiling gives in a self-interested setting. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.