Extended-spectrum beta lactamase and carbapenemase- producing Klebsialla spp. in urine and fecal samples obtained from hospitals and communities in Lagos, Nigeria

The use of beta-lactams has tremendously increased since the discovery of antibiotics. This has led to the emergence of certain resistant genes such as Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) which confer resistance to third generation cephalosporins. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) genes, Carbapenem resistance genes (blaKPC, blaOXA and IMP) and outer membrane porins genes (OMP-35, OMP-36, and OMP-36N) from different hospitals and laboratories in Ikeja-Lagos, Nigeria. A total of 177 bacterial isolates were collected between May 2017 to July 2017 from patients with urinary tract infections (UTI) and gastroenteritis. They were identified biochemically and investigated for ESBL and Carbapenemase production using phenotypic Double Disk Synergy Test (DDST) and Modified Hodges’ Test respectively. Antibiotics susceptibility profile was also investigated. Multiplex PCR was used to detect the genes responsible for the resistant genes. Out of 177 bacterial isolates, 47 (26.6%) were identified as Klebsiella spp and 17 (36.1%) were ESBL positive and then 5 (29.4%) were positive for carbapenem resistance. Multiplex PCR revealed that 3 (27.3%) possessed both blaCTX-M and blaSHV genes, 6 (54.5%) possessed only blaCTX-M gene while only 2 (18.2%) possessed only blaSHV gene. Also, 13 (76.5%) possessed only blaKPC gene. However, blaTEM as well as IMP, OXA-48, OMP 35, OMP 36 and OMP 36N genes were not detected. This study revealed that antibiotic resistance is on the rise and preventive measures should be put in place by both government and health care providers to curtail this trend.