A self-assemble strategy toward conductive 2D MXene reinforced ZrO2 composites with sensing performance

The 2D MXene material provides an opportunity for manufacturing ceramic composites with special structures and functions. However, the maintenance of a complete layered structure and controlled exfoliation of few-layered MXene sheets as well as homogeneous distribution should be carefully designed and carried out. Herein, we try to explore some essential questions in the system, including the evolution of phase and morphology of MXene as well as its influence on the microstructure, which is critical. We established a general self-assembly strategy for fabricating MXene-ZrO2 hybrids by electrostatic interaction. After SPS, fine toughening and conductive network has been constructed in composites with improved mechanical properties and a percolation threshold as low as 1−2 wt.%. The conductivity related to spatial distribution of MXene sheets endows the composite with self-monitoring ability to sense stain and internal cracks in situ. Such composite may be a promising smart material for potential structural and functional applications.