Climate change a major threat to agriculture: a brief review

Climate change for agriculture is a great threatening adversity in under developed countries due to their more dependence on agriculture and increase in greenhouse gases. Agricultural practices are influenced by climate change because they rely mainly on climatic factors. This review covers the factors affecting the climate change and explains strategies for the development of adaptation in plants against climate change. Climate affects the agricultural soil by directly by changes in organic carbon transformations and indirectly by cumulative impacts of CO2 along with fertilizer application practices and variable efficiency of Radiation use. Many gases are produced due to burning of fossil fuels; they include methane and oxides of Carbon, sulphur and Nitrogen. Climate change also increases the drought and heat stress for agriculture. These gases mainly come from the use of fertilizer on the agricultural soils, livestock manure, tillage practices, and fossil fuels. Now different strategies i.e. Agroforestry, omics, Genome wide association studies and CRISPR/Cas9 are used for screening the plants against climatic change.