Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor encephalitis in a child

Background: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by severe neurological and psychiatric symptoms and difficult to diagnose. We report a case of Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis diagnosed at the Pediatric Center of Hue Central Hospital. Case report: A 3½ - year - old girl with previously normal psychomotor development developed behavioral problems and speech impairment 2 week ago. From the onset of symptoms, choreic movements gradually appeared. Hematological, neuroradiological, and neurological examinations were negative; however, her symptoms worsened and treatment with methylprednisone was started. Although her choreic movements improved, her neuropsychological and behavioral symptoms still continued. Anti-N-methyl-Dspartate receptor antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid were detected. The second dose of methylprednisone and then immunoglobulins was administered. After several weeks of treatment, she was well recovered with a progressive improvement in language and behavior. Conclusions: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis in pediatric patients can present initially with neuropsychological and behavioral symptoms.