A review on production processes, performance and emissions analysis of hydrogen as a fuel in I.C. engines

The energy demand increases continuously with rapid increase in the world's population. Continuous depletion of limited non conventional energy resources forces the move towards alternate energy solution. Hydrogen is the environment-friendly and most promising source to meet future energy demand. Non-toxic, non-metallic and high energy content make the hydrogen as a future generation fuel. The main sources of hydrogen production are hydro, biomass, nuclear, wind, geothermal, and solar. Hydrogen can be produced from different methods like thermal, biological, electrical, and photonic. This review article provides detailed information about the production processes of hydrogen, and performance and emissions analysis of hydrogen when it is used as a fuel in internal combustion engines. Brake thermal efficiency of the engine increases with the increase of hydrogen energy share at high and moderate loads. However, at low loads, the efficiency decreases. Carbon-based emissions (HC, CO and CO2) under dual-fuel mode decreases substantially at all loads due to carbon content in the fuel. This review will help researchers to get the significant details of hydrogen production processes and its optimum utilisation in internal combustion engines.