Pharmacological Evaluation of Plant Origin Active Compound in Neurodegenerative Disease

The present study was undertaken with the aim & objectives of exploring the neuroprotective and antiparkinsons activity of Embelin isolated from fruits of Embelia ribes burm. The phytochemical analysis and confirmatory test for Embelin showing presence of Proteins, Amino acids, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Tannins. From the interpretations FTIR spectroscopy, the spectra of isolated embelin was almost identical with standard Embelin spectra. Isolated compound showed a significant free radical scavenging action in a concentration dependent manner against DPPH free radicals, showing good antioxidant activity. Also isolated compound showed a strong metal chelation activity on ferrous ions, playing important role in antioxidant activity of fruit isolation. Evaluation of neuroprotection activity of isolated compound of selected plant was done by using monosodium glutamate induced excitotoxicity model. Also evaluation of antiParkinson’s activity using Haloperidol induced catalepsy model. The IE was administered orally to Rat and mice at dose 200mg/kg p.o. and 400mg/kg p.o. At that dose, the IE was showing significant reduction from disease group and vehicle group. It is compared with monosodium glutamate (2gm/kg i.p.); standard Dextromethorphan (30mg/kg p.o.) which was used as standard drug. IE also have property to restore effect caused from Haloperidol induced catalepsy. The result of invivo model suggested that IE reverse the action of monosodium glutamate & haloperidol; may exert its neuroprotective effect and antiparkinson’s effect. DARSHANA A. PATIL, RACHANA D. SARAWADE, UDAY KUNDAP, NEHA M. JADHAV PG Student, Pharmacology Department, Dr. L.H. Hiranandani College of Pharmacy, Ulhasnagar-03. India. Assistant Professor/H.O.D Pharmacology, Dr. L. H. Hiranandani College of pharmacy, Ulhasnagar-03. India. Post-Doctoral fellow, Université de Montréal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal Canada PG Student, Pharmacology Department, Dr. L.H. Hiranandani College of Pharmacy, Ulhasnagar-03. India. Submission: 24 July 2020 Accepted: 30 July 2020 Published: 30 August 2020 www.ijppr.humanjournals.com Citation: DARSHANA A. PATIL et al. Ijppr.Human, 2020; Vol. 19 (1): 769-799. 770 INTRODUCTION Neurodegenerative disease includes a great variety of conditions which principally affect the neurons in the human brain. Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s disease are the well known examples of Neurodegenerative diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases are untreatable and making someone very weak as well as infirm that result in progressive degeneration and/or death of nerve cells. Thus it becomes reasons for movement problems or mental functioning. Ever since PD was first described in 1817, scientists have pursued the causes and treatment of the disease. In the early 1960s, researchers established the principal problem underlying the disease the loss of brain cells that produce a chemical called dopamine, which is important for coordination and control muscle activity. This discovery led to the first successful treatment for PD and suggested ways of devising new and even more effective therapies. Parkinson’s research continues to be a very active and intriguing finding reported every day. In recent times there is an increase in global utilization of herbal medicines in the treatment of various disease affecting humans. Embelia ribes berries contain several chemical constituents like embelin, volatile oil, fixed oil, resin, tannin, christembine (alkaloid), phenolic acids like caffeic acid, vanillic acid, chrorogenic acid, cinnamic acid, o-cumaric acid. Embelin is the main constituent found in the plant E. ribes. Embelin posses all suitable physical and chemical properties and its ability to cross the blood brain barrier making it an appropriate candidate for the treatment of neuroprotection in parkinsons disease. No research has yet been carried out on the above mentioned active compound from plant for parkinsons disease treatment. Thus the reason for selecting the compound from plant is its probability of having a neuroprotection activity in Parkinson’s disease. The pathogenesis of cell degeneration in neurodegenerative diseases are: dopamine depletion, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein aggregation, misfolding, neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, apoptosis and cell death pathway, loss of trophic factor. Immoderate release of glutamate from presynaptic nerve terminals and astrocytes into the extracellular spaces with resultant overstimulation of glutamate receptors mainly NMDA receptors which ultimately related to Excitotoxicity. Several neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, AIDS dementia complex, and Parkinson’s disease observed because of neuronal injury which is mainly due to overstimulation of both inotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. The concept of www.ijppr.humanjournals.com Citation: DARSHANA A. PATIL et al. Ijppr.Human, 2020; Vol. 19 (1): 769-799. 771 oxidative stress and antioxidants may be directly or indirectly involved in the pathogenic process of Parkinson’s disease. Thus with this present study an attempt to evaluate neuroprotective and antiparkinson activity for neurodegenerative disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Drugs and Chemicals: Embelia ribes burm dried friut (Ekvira Ayurvedic shop, kalwa). Ethanol, Methanol & DPPH, Ferrozine were purchased from Molychem. nHexane (Merk). Monosodium glutamate (Himedia), Haloperidol injection IP (5mg/1ml) (syndopa sun pharma), Dextromethorphan (Lastuss ct FDC mfg.), Trihexyphenidyl HCl (Pacitane Pfizer mfg).