Study of Abusive Head Trauma: human body model and finite element analysis

........................................................................................................................................ 3 1. DESCRIPTION OF THE PHENOMENON .................................................................................... 4 1.1 DEFINITION ............................................................................................................................. 4 1.2 RISK FACTORS ........................................................................................................................ 5 1.3 DAMAGE MECHANISM ......................................................................................................... 6 1.4 BRAIN CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................................................. 8 1.5 INJURIES ................................................................................................................................... 8 1.6 LEGAL ASPECT AND PREVENCTION............................................................................... 12 2. INJURY CRITERIA ...................................................................................................................... 14 2.1 ANGULAR ACCELERATION ............................................................................................... 14 2.2 ANGULAR VELOCITY ......................................................................................................... 17 2.3 LINEAR ACCELERATION .................................................................................................... 20 2.4 STRESS, STRAIN, PRESSURE ............................................................................................. 21 3. PRESENT STATE-OF-THE-ART ................................................................................................ 27 3.1 FEM ANALYSIS: A SHORT REVIEW ................................................................................. 27 3.2 PIPER CHILD BODY MODEL .............................................................................................. 28 3.2.1 OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................................... 29 3.2.2 HEAD ................................................................................................................................ 31 3.2.3 A DETAIL ON THE TRUNK ........................................................................................... 32 3.2.4 THE FILE’S STRUCTURE .............................................................................................. 34 3.3 LITERATURE REVIEW: OTHER CHILD MODELS ................................................ 35 3.3.1 Q-DUMMY .................................................................................................................... 35 3.3.2 CRABI-12 MODEL ...................................................................................................... 37 3.3.3 P-DUMMY ..................................................................................................................... 40