Strict and appropriate glycaemic control has a positive impact on long-term clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by delaying and slowing the progression of complications related to diabetes (UK Prospective Diabetes

Strict and appropriate glycaemic control has a positive impact on long-term clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by delaying and slowing the progression of complications related to diabetes (UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group, 1998; Klaus-Dieter et al., 2011). Specific treatment such as oral hypoglycaemic agents or insulin is given to patients with T2DM according to their condition. Importantly, the adjustment of suboptimal dietary and lifestyle habits has become the primary therapy for T2DM and an important adjunctive treatment in insulin-dependent T2DM (Tuomilehto et al., 2011). However, there are an increasing number of patients who have never received systematic or scientific management and guidance on their daily diet, leading to a poor glycaemic control or malnutrition. Reducing hyperglycaemia to an appropriate range without significant hypoglycaemia is the primary goal; however, over nutrition and malnutrition in diabetic patients can cause serious concern (Franz et al., 2017).