Mathematical simulation of the Pacific Proving Grounds 129I/127I nuclear bomb peaks in coral cores from the Philippines

One recent way of reconstructing the historical impact of aboveground nuclear weapons testing (ANWT) in places lacking historical data is by measuring 129I in natural archives such as coral cores. However, discussions arising from 129I in corals remain qualitative or semi-quantitative, which do not maximize the potential information derivable from the data. In this study, we construct a mathematical model that simulates the 129I bomb peaks from the Pacific Proving Grounds (PPG) tests, as observed in available coral core data from the east (Baler) and west (Parola) sides of the Philippines. Results show that the model can determine the expected increase in 129I/127I ratio in the Philippines per megaton of ANWT detonated in the PPG; confirm time lags for each major transport pathway from the PPG to the Philippines, indicating when to expect the radioactivity spike after detonation; and determine the most significant transport pathway from the PPG to each coral location. This work increases the application and significance of 129I/127I coral core data by deriving quantitative information about the magnitude, timing, and transport pathways of radioactivity from the ANWT site to the coral location. In the future, the model can be expanded to simulate other 129I sources besides ANWT.