Gut Microbes and Eye Disease

Microbial symbionts in the gut are increasingly recognized as having important effects on health and disease, but have only recently begun to be linked to diseases of the eye. We review current research on the intestinal microbiota's relationship to ocular disease, focusing on autoimmune uveitis, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and primary-open angle glaucoma. We discuss findings and limitations of this exciting new area of ophthalmology research and explore possible future disease-modifying treatments.