Hi’Beam-S: A Monolithic Silicon Pixel Sensor-Based Prototype Particle Tracking System for HIAF

Particle tracking systems, which function either as particle detectors or beam monitors, are the critical elements for the high-intensity heavy-ion accelerator facility (HIAF) complex. The novel Topmetal-M pixel sensor, which combines the features of both monolithic active pixel sensor (MAPS) and the Topmetal sensor, can be used either for a pixel detector or a nondestructive beam monitor. The Top...