Ectopic pure mediastinal parathyroid adenoma: A case report

•Ectopic mediastinal parathyroid glands are rare yet challenging cause of refractory or recurrent hypercalcemia.•Most mediastinal parathyroids are approachable through a neck incision.•Larger, deeper or totally mediastinal glands require thoracic access.•Historically, in challenging cases, sternotomy or thoracotomy is performed with associated high morbidity in some cohorts.•The video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) allows surgeons to retrieve these glands guided with localization tools.