All-sky search for gravitational wave emission from scalar boson clouds around spinning black holes in LIGO O3 data
The LIGO Scientific Collaboration,the Virgo Collaboration,the KAGRA Collaboration,R. Abbott,H. Abe,F. Acernese,K. Ackley,N. Adhikari,R. X. Adhikari,V. K. Adkins,V. B. Adya,C. Affeldt,D. Agarwal,M. Agathos,K. Agatsuma,N. Aggarwal,O. D. Aguiar,L. Aiello,A. Ain,P. Ajith,T. Akutsu,S. Albanesi,R. A. Alfaidi,A. Allocca,P. A. Altin,A. Amato,C. Anand,S. Anand,A. Ananyeva,S. B. Anderson,W. G. Anderson,M. Ando,T. Andrade,N. Andres,M. Andrés-Carcasona,T. Andrić,S. V. Angelova,S. Ansoldi,J. M. Antelis,S. Antier,T. Apostolatos,E. Z. Appavuravther,S. Appert,S. K. Apple,K. Arai,A. Araya,M. C. Araya,J. S. Areeda,M. Arène,N. Aritomi,N. Arnaud,M. Arogeti,S. M. Aronson,K. G. Arun,H. Asada,Y. Asali,G. Ashton,Y. Aso,M. Assiduo,S. Assis de Souza Melo,S. M. Aston,P. Astone,F. Aubin,K. AultONeal,C. Austin,S. Babak,F. Badaracco,M. K. M. Bader,C. Badger,S. Bae,Y. Bae,A. M. Baer,S. Bagnasco,Y. Bai,J. Baird,R. Bajpai,T. Baka,M. Ball,G. Ballardin,S. W. Ballmer,A. Balsamo,G. Baltus,S. Banagiri,B. Banerjee,D. Bankar,J. C. Barayoga,C. Barbieri,B. C. Barish,D. Barker,P. Barneo,F. Barone,B. Barr,L. Barsotti,M. Barsuglia,D. Barta,J. Bartlett,M. A. Barton,I. Bartos,S. Basak,R. Bassiri,A. Basti,M. Bawaj,J. C. Bayley,M. Bazzan,B. R. Becher,B. Bécsy,V. M. Bedakihale,F. Beirnaert,M. Bejger,I. Belahcene,V. Benedetto,D. Beniwal,M. G. Benjamin,T. F. Bennett,J. D. Bentley,M. BenYaala,S. Bera,M. Berbel,F. Bergamin,B. K. Berger,S. Bernuzzi,D. Bersanetti,A. Bertolini,J. Betzwieser,D. Beveridge,R. Bhandare,A. V. Bhandari,U. Bhardwaj,R. Bhatt,D. Bhattacharjee,S. Bhaumik,A. Bianchi,I. A. Bilenko,G. Billingsley,S. Bini,R. Birney,O. Birnholtz,S. Biscans,M. Bischi,S. Biscoveanu,A. Bisht,B. Biswas,M. Bitossi,M. -A. Bizouard,J. K. Blackburn,C. D. Blair,D. G. Blair,R. M. Blair,F. Bobba,N. Bode,M. Boër,G. Bogaert,M. Boldrini,G. N. Bolingbroke,L. D. Bonavena,F. Bondu,E. Bonilla,R. Bonnand,P. Booker,B. A. Boom,R. Bork,V. Boschi,N. Bose,S. Bose,V. Bossilkov,V. Boudart,Y. Bouffanais,A. Bozzi,C. Bradaschia,P. R. Brady,A. Bramley,A. Branch,M. Branchesi,J. E. Brau,M. Breschi,T. Briant,J. H. Briggs,A. Brillet,M. Brinkmann,P. Brockill,A. F. Brooks,J. Brooks,D. D. Brown,S. Brunett,G. Bruno,R. Bruntz,J. Bryant,F. Bucci,T. Bulik,H. J. Bulten,A. Buonanno,K. Burtnyk,R. Buscicchio,D. Buskulic,C. Buy,R. L. Byer,G. S. Cabourn Davies,G. Cabras,R. Cabrita,L. Cadonati,M. Caesar,G. Cagnoli,C. Cahillane,J. Calderón Bustillo,J. D. Callaghan,T. A. Callister,E. Calloni,J. Cameron,J. B. Camp,M. Canepa,S. Canevarolo,M. Cannavacciuolo,K. C. Cannon,H. Cao,Z. Cao,E. Capocasa,E. Capote,G. Carapella,F. Carbognani,M. Carlassara,J. B. Carlin,M. F. Carney,M. Carpinelli,G. Carrillo,G. Carullo,T. L. Carver,J. Casanueva Diaz,C. Casentini,G. Castaldi,S. Caudill,M. Cavaglià,F. Cavalier,R. Cavalieri,G. Cella,P. Cerdá-Durán,E. Cesarini,W. Chaibi,S. Chalathadka Subrahmanya,E. Champion,C. -H. Chan,C. Chan,C. L. Chan,K. Chan,M. Chan,K. Chandra,I. P. Chang,P. Chanial,S. Chao,C. Chapman-Bird,P. Charlton,E. A. Chase,E. Chassande-Mottin,C. Chatterjee,Debarati Chatterjee,Deep Chatterjee,M. Chaturvedi,S. Chaty,C. Chen,D. Chen,H. Y. Chen,J. Chen,K. Chen,X. Chen,Y. -B. Chen,Y. -R. Chen,Z. Chen,H. Cheng,C. K. Cheong,H. Y. Cheung,H. Y. Chia,F. Chiadini,C-Y. Chiang,G. Chiarini,R. Chierici,A. Chincarini,M. L. Chiofalo,A. Chiummo,R. K. Choudhary,S. Choudhary,N. Christensen,Q. Chu,Y-K. Chu,S. S. Y. Chua,K. W. Chung,G. Ciani,P. Ciecielag,M. Cieślar,M. Cifaldi,A. A. Ciobanu,R. Ciolfi,F. Cipriano,F. Clara,J. A. Clark,P. Clearwater,S. Clesse,F. Cleva,E. Coccia,E. Codazzo,P. -F. Cohadon,D. E. Cohen,M. Colleoni,C. G. Collette,A. Colombo,M. Colpi,C. M. Compton,M. Constancio Jr.,L. Conti,S. J. Cooper,P. Corban,T. R. Corbitt,I. Cordero-Carrión,S. Corezzi,K. R. Corley,N. J. Cornish,D. Corre,A. Corsi,S. Cortese,C. A. Costa,R. Cotesta,R. Cottingham,M. W. Coughlin,J. -P. Coulon,S. T. Countryman,B. Cousins,P. Couvares,D. M. Coward,M. J. Cowart,D. C. Coyne,R. Coyne,J. D. E. Creighton,T. D. Creighton,A. W. Criswell,M. Croquette,S. G. Crowder,J. R. Cudell,T. J. Cullen,A. Cumming,R. Cummings,L. Cunningham,E. Cuoco,M. Curyło,P. Dabadie,T. Dal Canton,S. Dall'Osso,G. Dálya,A. Dana,B. D'Angelo,S. Danilishin,S. D'Antonio,K. Danzmann,C. Darsow-Fromm,A. Dasgupta,L. E. H. Datrier,Sayak Datta,Sayantani Datta,V. Dattilo,I. Dave,M. Davier,D. Davis,M. C. Davis,E. J. Daw,R. Dean,D. DeBra,M. Deenadayalan,J. Degallaix,M. De Laurentis,S. Deléglise,V. Del Favero,F. De Lillo,N. De Lillo,D. Dell'Aquila,W. Del Pozzo,L. M. DeMarchi,F. De Matteis,V. D'Emilio,N. Demos,T. Dent,A. Depasse,R. De Pietri,R. De Rosa,C. De Rossi,R. DeSalvo,R. De Simone,S. Dhurandhar,M. C. Díaz,N. A. Didio,T. Dietrich,L. Di Fiore,C. Di Fronzo,C. Di Giorgio,F. Di Giovanni,M. Di Giovanni,T. Di Girolamo,A. Di Lieto,A. Di Michele,B. Ding,S. Di Pace,I. Di Palma,F. Di Renzo,A. K. Divakarla,A. Dmitriev,Z. Doctor,L. Donahue,L. D'Onofrio,F. Donovan,K. L. Dooley,S. Doravari,M. Drago,J. C. Driggers,Y. Drori,J. -G. Ducoin,P. Dupej,U. Dupletsa,O. Durante,D. D'Urso,P. -A. Duverne,S. E. Dwyer,C. Eassa,P. J. Easter,M. Ebersold,T. Eckhardt,G. Eddolls,B. Edelman,T. B. Edo,O. Edy,A. Effler,S. Eguchi,J. Eichholz,S. S. Eikenberry,M. Eisenmann,R. A. Eisenstein,A. Ejlli,E. Engelby,Y. Enomoto,L. Errico,R. C. Essick,H. Estellés,D. Estevez,Z. Etienne,T. Etzel,M. Evans,T. M. Evans,T. Evstafyeva,B. E. Ewing,F. Fabrizi,F. Faedi,V. Fafone,H. Fair,S. Fairhurst,P. C. Fan,A. M. Farah,S. Farinon,B. Farr,W. M. Farr,E. J. Fauchon-Jones,G. Favaro,M. Favata,M. Fays,M. Fazio,J. Feicht,M. M. Fejer,E. Fenyvesi,D. L. Ferguson,A. Fernandez-Galiana,I. Ferrante,T. A. Ferreira,F. Fidecaro,P. Figura,A. Fiori,I. Fiori,M. Fishbach,R. P. Fisher,R. Fittipaldi,V. Fiumara,R. Flaminio,E. Floden,H. K. Fong,J. A. Font,B. Fornal,P. W. F. Forsyth,A. Franke,S. Frasca,F. Frasconi,J. P. Freed,Z. Frei,A. Freise,O. Freitas,R. Frey,P. Fritschel,V. V. Frolov,G. G. Fronzé,Y. Fujii,Y. Fujikawa,Y. Fujimoto,P. Fulda,M. Fyffe,H. A. Gabbard,W. E. Gabella,B. U. Gadre,J. R. Gair,J. Gais,S. Galaudage,R. Gamba,D. Ganapathy,A. Ganguly,D. Gao,S. G. Gaonkar,B. Garaventa,C. García Núñez,C. García-Quirós,F. Garufi,B. Gateley,V. Gayathri,G. -G. Ge,G. Gemme,A. Gennai,J. George,O. Gerberding,L. Gergely,P. Gewecke,S. Ghonge,Abhirup Ghosh,Archisman Ghosh,Shaon Ghosh,Shrobana Ghosh,Tathagata Ghosh,B. Giacomazzo,L. Giacoppo,J. A. Giaime,K. D. Giardina,D. R. Gibson,C. Gier,M. Giesler,P. Giri,F. Gissi,S. Gkaitatzis,J. Glanzer,A. E. Gleckl,P. Godwin,E. Goetz,R. Goetz,N. Gohlke,J. Golomb,B. Goncharov,G. González,M. Gosselin,R. Gouaty,D. W. Gould,S. Goyal,B. Grace,A. Grado,V. Graham,M. Granata,V. Granata,A. Grant,S. Gras,P. Grassia,C. Gray,R. Gray,G. Greco,A. C. Green,R. Green,A. M. Gretarsson,E. M. Gretarsson,D. Griffith,W. L. Griffiths,H. L. Griggs,G. Grignani,A. Grimaldi,E. Grimes,S. J. Grimm,H. Grote,S. Grunewald,P. Gruning,A. S. Gruson,D. Guerra,G. M. Guidi,A. R. Guimaraes,G. Guixé,H. K. Gulati,A. M. Gunny,H. -K. Guo,Y. Guo,Anchal Gupta,Anuradha Gupta,I. M. Gupta,P. Gupta,S. K. Gupta,R. Gustafson,F. Guzman,S. Ha,I. P. W. Hadiputrawan,L. Haegel,S. Haino,O. Halim,E. D. Hall,E. Z. Hamilton,G. Hammond,W. -B. Han,M. Haney,J. Hanks,C. Hanna,M. D. Hannam,O. Hannuksela,H. Hansen,T. J. Hansen,J. Hanson,T. Harder,K. Haris,J. Harms,G. M. Harry,I. W. Harry,D. Hartwig,K. Hasegawa,B. Haskell,C. -J. Haster,J. S. Hathaway,K. Hattori,K. Haughian,H. Hayakawa,K. Hayama,F. J. Hayes,J. Healy,A. Heidmann,A. Heidt,M. C. Heintze,J. Heinze,J. Heinzel,H. Heitmann,F. Hellman,P. Hello,A. F. Helmling-Cornell,G. Hemming,M. Hendry,I. S. Heng,E. Hennes,J. Hennig,M. H. Hennig,C. Henshaw,A. G. Hernandez,F. Hernandez Vivanco,M. Heurs,A. L. Hewitt,S. Higginbotham,S. Hild,P. Hill,Y. Himemoto,A. S. Hines,N. Hirata,C. Hirose,T-C. Ho,S. Hochheim,D. Hofman,J. N. Hohmann,D. G. Holcomb,N. A. Holland,I. J. Hollows,Z. J. Holmes,K. Holt,D. E. Holz,Q. Hong,J. Hough,S. Hourihane,E. J. Howell,C. G. Hoy,D. Hoyland,A. Hreibi,B-H. Hsieh,H-F. Hsieh,C. Hsiung,Y. Hsu,H-Y. Huang,P. Huang,Y-C. Huang,Y. -J. Huang,Yiting Huang,Yiwen Huang,M. T. Hübner,A. D. Huddart,B. Hughey,D. C. Y. Hui,V. Hui,S. Husa,S. H. Huttner,R. Huxford,T. Huynh-Dinh,S. Ide,B. Idzkowski,A. Iess,K. Inayoshi,Y. Inoue,P. Iosif,M. Isi,K. Isleif,K. Ito,Y. Itoh,B. R. Iyer,V. JaberianHamedan,T. Jacqmin,P. -E. Jacquet,S. J. Jadhav,S. P. Jadhav,T. Jain,A. L. James,A. Z. Jan,K. Jani,J. Janquart,K. Janssens,N. N. Janthalur,P. Jaranowski,D. Jariwala,R. Jaume,A. C. Jenkins,K. Jenner,C. Jeon,W. Jia,J. Jiang,H. -B. Jin,G. R. Johns,R. Johnston,A. W. Jones,D. I. Jones,P. Jones,R. Jones,P. Joshi,L. Ju,A. Jue,P. Jung,K. Jung,J. Junker,V. Juste,K. Kaihotsu,T. Kajita,M. Kakizaki,C. V. Kalaghatgi,V. Kalogera,B. Kamai,M. Kamiizumi,N. Kanda,S. Kandhasamy,G. Kang,J. B. Kanner,Y. Kao,S. J. Kapadia,D. P. Kapasi,C. Karathanasis,S. Karki,R. Kashyap,M. Kasprzack,W. Kastaun,T. Kato,S. Katsanevas,E. Katsavounidis,W. Katzman,T. Kaur,K. Kawabe,K. Kawaguchi,F. Kéfélian,D. Keitel,J. S. Key,S. Khadka,F. Y. Khalili,S. Khan,T. Khanam,E. A. Khazanov,N. Khetan,M. Khursheed,N. Kijbunchoo,A. Kim,C. Kim,J. C. Kim,J. Kim,K. Kim,W. S. Kim,Y. -M. Kim,C. Kimball,N. Kimura,M. Kinley-Hanlon,R. Kirchhoff,J. S. Kissel,S. Klimenko,T. Klinger,A. M. Knee,T. D. Knowles,N. Knust,E. Knyazev,Y. Kobayashi,P. Koch,G. Koekoek,K. Kohri,K. Kokeyama,S. Koley,P. Kolitsidou,M. Kolstein,K. Komori,V. Kondrashov,A. K. H. Kong,A. Kontos,N. Koper,M. Korobko,M. Kovalam,N. Koyama,D. B. Kozak,C. Kozakai,V. Kringel,N. V. Krishnendu,A. Królak,G. Kuehn,F. Kuei,P. Kuijer,S. Kulkarni,A. Kumar,Prayush Kumar,Rahul Kumar,Rakesh Kumar,J. Kume,K. Kuns,Y. Kuromiya,S. Kuroyanagi,K. Kwak,G. Lacaille,P. Lagabbe,D. Laghi,E. Lalande,M. Lalleman,T. L. Lam,A. Lamberts,M. Landry,B. B. Lane,R. N. Lang,J. Lange,B. Lantz,I. La Rosa,A. Lartaux-Vollard,P. D. Lasky,M. Laxen,A. Lazzarini,C. Lazzaro,P. Leaci,S. Leavey,S. LeBohec,Y. K. Lecoeuche,E. Lee,H. M. Lee,H. W. Lee,K. Lee,R. Lee,I. N. Legred,J. Lehmann,A. Lemaître,M. Lenti,M. Leonardi,E. Leonova,N. Leroy,N. Letendre,C. Levesque,Y. Levin,J. N. Leviton,K. Leyde,A. K. Y. Li,B. Li,J. Li,K. L. Li,P. Li,T. G. F. Li,X. Li,C-Y. Lin,E. T. Lin,F-K. Lin,F-L. Lin,H. L. Lin,L. C. -C. Lin,F. Linde,S. D. Linker,J. N. Linley,T. B. Littenberg,G. C. Liu,J. Liu,K. Liu,X. Liu,F. Llamas,R. K. L. Lo,T. Lo,L. T. London,A. Longo,D. Lopez,M. Lopez Portilla,M. Lorenzini,V. Loriette,M. Lormand,G. Losurdo,T. P. Lott,J. D. Lough,C. O. Lousto,G. Lovelace,J. F. Lucaccioni,H. Lück,D. Lumaca,A. P. Lundgren,L. -W. Luo,J. E. Lynam,M. Ma'arif,R. Macas,J. B. Machtinger,M. MacInnis,D. M. Macleod,I. A. O. MacMillan,A. Macquet,I. Magaña Hernandez,C. Magazzù,R. M. Magee,R. Maggiore,M. Magnozzi,S. Mahesh,E. Majorana,I. Maksimovic,S. Maliakal,A. Malik,N. Man,V. Mandic,V. Mangano, G. L. Mansell,M. Manske,M. Mantovani,M. Mapelli,F. Marchesoni,D. Marín Pina,F. Marion,Z. Mark,S. Márka,Z. Márka,C. Markakis,A. S. Markosyan,A. Markowitz,E. Maros,A. Marquina,S. Marsat,F. Martelli,I. W. Martin,R. M. Martin,M. Martinez,V. A. Martinez,V. Martinez,K. Martinovic,D. V. Martynov,E. J. Marx,H. Masalehdan,K. Mason,E. Massera,A. Masserot,M. Masso-Reid,S. Mastrogiovanni,A. Matas,M. Mateu-Lucena,F. Matichard,M. Matiushechkina,N. Mavalvala,J. J. McCann, R. McCarthy,D. E. McClelland,P. K. McClincy,S. McCormick,L. McCuller,G. I. McGhee,S. C. McGuire,C. McIsaac,J. McIver,T. McRae,S. T. McWilliams,D. Meacher,M. Mehmet,A. K. Mehta,Q. Meijer,A. Melatos,D. A. Melchor,G. Mendell,A. Menendez-Vazquez,C. S. Menoni,R. A. Mercer,L. Mereni,K. Merfeld,E. L. Merilh,J. D. Merritt,M. Merzougui,S. Meshkov,C. Messenger,C. Messick,P. M. Meyers,F. Meylahn,A. Mhaske,A. Miani,H. Miao,I. Michaloliakos,C. Michel,Y. Michimura,H. Middleton,D. P. Mihaylov,L. Milano,A. L. Miller,A. Miller,B. Miller,M. Millhouse,J. C. Mills,E. Milotti,Y. Minenkov,N. Mio,Ll. M. Mir,M. Miravet-Tenés,A. Mishkin,C. Mishra,T. Mishra, T. Mistry,S. Mitra,V. P. Mitrofanov,G. Mitselmakher,R. Mittleman,O. Miyakawa,K. Miyo,S. Miyoki,Geoffrey Mo, L. M. Modafferi,E. Moguel,K. Mogushi,S. R. P. Mohapatra,S. R. Mohite,I. Molina,M. Molina-Ruiz,M. Mondin,M. Montani, C. J. Moore,J. Moragues,D. Moraru,F. Morawski,A. More,C. Moreno,G. Moreno,Y. Mori,S. Morisaki,N. Morisue,Y. Moriwaki,B. Mours,C. M. Mow-Lowry,S. Mozzon,F. Muciaccia,Arunava Mukherjee,D. Mukherjee,Soma Mukherjee,Subroto Mukherjee,Suvodip Mukherjee,N. Mukund,A. Mullavey,J. Munch,E. A. Muñiz,P. G. Murray,R. Musenich,S. Muusse,S. L. Nadji,K. Nagano,A. Nagar,K. Nakamura,H. Nakano,M. Nakano,Y. Nakayama,V. Napolano,I. Nardecchia,T. Narikawa, H. Narola,L. Naticchioni,B. Nayak,R. K. Nayak,B. F. Neil,J. Neilson,A. Nelson,T. J. N. Nelson, M. Nery,P. Neubauer, A. Neunzert,K. Y. Ng,S. W. S. Ng,C. Nguyen,P. Nguyen,T. Nguyen,L. Nguyen Quynh,J. Ni,W. -T. Ni,S. A. Nichols,T. Nishimoto,A. Nishizawa,S. Nissanke,E. Nitoglia,F. Nocera,M. Norman,C. North,S. Nozaki,G. Nurbek,L. K. Nuttall,Y. Obayashi,J. Oberling,B. D. O'Brien,J. O'Dell,E. Oelker,W. Ogaki,G. Oganesyan,J. J. Oh,K. Oh, S. H. Oh,M. Ohashi,T. Ohashi,M. Ohkawa,F. Ohme,H. Ohta,M. A. Okada,Y. 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PHYSICAL REVIEW D（2022）
Cited 33|Views58
Abstract
This paper describes the first all-sky search for long-duration, quasimonochromatic gravitational-wave signals emitted by ultralight scalar boson clouds around spinning black holes using data from the third observing run of Advanced LIGO. We analyze the frequency range from 20 to 610 Hz, over a small frequency derivative range around zero, and use multiple frequency resolutions to be robust towards possible signal frequency wanderings. Outliers from this search are followed up using two different methods, one more suitable for nearly monochromatic signals, and the other more robust towards frequency fluctuations. We do not find any evidence for such signals and set upper limits on the signal strain amplitude, the most stringent being ???10???25 at around 130 Hz. We interpret these upper limits as both an ???exclusion region??? in the boson mass/black hole mass plane and the maximum detectable distance for a given boson mass, based on an assumption of the age of the black hole/boson cloud system.
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Key words
gravitational wave emission,scalar boson clouds,black holes,o3,all-sky
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