Dual intestinal parasitosis unmasked by treatment for gastrointestinal sarcoidosis

The symptoms and complications of intestinal parasitosis can occur with long-term corticosteroid therapy. We highlight the case of a young man who developed chronic gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms of diarrhea, crampy abdominal pain, and vomiting while on treatment for multisystemic sarcoidosis with corticosteroids. His symptoms were initially thought to be related to the gastrointestinal manifestations of sarcoidosis, but further evaluation revealed a combined case of intestinal strongyloidiasis and giardiasis as well as previously undiagnosed human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV -1) infection. This distinctive case of dual intestinal parasitosis highlights the need for clinicians to maintain a high level of awareness to screen for intestinal parasites, particularly Strongyloides when prescribing corticosteroids in the long term given the potential risk of hyperinfection in the setting of immunosuppression. (C) 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd.