Treatment Failure in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Focus on the Role of Extracellular Vesicles

•AML is one of the most common types of blood malignancies.•Leukemic cells sought a way to escape from the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy drugs, leading to treatment failure.•Malignant cells secrete EVs that transmit messages to adjacent cells and the tumor’s microenvironment.•Treating AML with a glance at the EVs’ role is obscure.•It is hoped that with understanding of EVs, new therapies will be developed to eliminate the relapse of leukemic cells.