Nutritional Status, Eating Habits and Foods Intake by Gestational Diabetes Patients in National Hospital of Endocrinology

A cross-sectional study of 60 gestational diabetes mellitus patients who were examined and treated at National Hospital of Endocrinology in 2017 aimed to determine the nutritional status, eating habits and foods intake by these subjects. The results were most gestational diabetes mellitus patients had a body mass index of 18.5 <= BMI <25 (76.7%); the rate of overweight and obesity was 6.7%, malnutrition was 16.6%. Total dietary energy was 1841.7 +/- 92.2kcal and energy level of 29.5 +/- 1.5kcal/kg body weight. Dietary protein was 18.7%, dietary lipid was 29%, dietary carbohydrate was 52.3% for total energy. the iron in the diet of gestational diabetes was 14.5 +/- 0.9mg/day. The folate intake approximately 400mcg/day, the calcium intake 700mg/day, the vitamin D in the diet was 20IU/day, vitamin B12 about 2.3mcg/day and zinc about 13.5mg/day. The percentage of gestational diabetes mellitus patients who ate >= 3 meals per day saw the highest rate of 76.7%; gestational diabetes mellitus patients ate 1 meal with the lowest rate of 3.3%. In terms of the frequency of food consumption, meat was the highest group of food consumption with 100% and seafood fish types were 10%. Rice - the highest consumed food accounted for 100%, then to the bread, dumplings taking up 10%. Oil, peanut group consumed accounted for 86.7% whereas the lowest group was animal's fat with 3.3%. All kinds of vegetable consumed recorded 96.7%. In conclusion, the nutritional diet of women with gestational diabetes with the ratio of 3 thermogenic substances Protein: Lipid: Carbohydrate were 18.7:29:52.3, which was not consistent with the guidelines of the American Diabetes Association 2017 but also quite consistent with the nutritional facts and habits in Vietnam.