Pinocembrin Protects Cardiomyocytes Against Isoproterenol-Induced Hypertrophy

Cardiac hypertrophy is characterized by an increase in myocardial cell volume and extracellular matrix production. Persistent cardiac hypertrophy can cause dilated cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and even death. Pinocembrin (5,7-dihydroxyflavanone) is a type of flavonoid, extracted from propolis, that has antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anticancer properties. The results of the present study showed that pretreatment of isoproterenol (ISO)-treated H9c2 cardiomyocytes with pinocembrin reduced the messenger RNA levels of hypertrophic markers, including atrial natriuretic factor and beta eta-myosin heavy chain, and inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, interleukin-1 beta, and interferon-gamma, and also inhibited p65 phosphorylation and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) translocation. In addition, the activity of I kappa B alpha, an inhibitor of NF-kappa B, was increased while that of caspase-3 was reduced under these conditions. These results indicate that pinocembrin may inhibit ISO-induced myocardial hypertrophy by attenuating the NF-kappa B signaling pathway.