Y3Fe5O12 hybrid spin valves with appreciable spin Seebeck effect under perpendicular temperature gradient

Significant thermal voltage signals from spin Seebeck effect and conventional anomalous Nernst and anomalous Righi-Leduc effects have been recognized in the yttrium iron garnet Y3Fe5O12 (YIG)/Cu/NiFe/IrMn hybrid spin valves under a perpendicular temperature gradient. The spin transport characteristic parameters of the soft NiFe film can be quantitatively evaluated, including the spin diffusion length and spin Hall angle. The present results show the significance of the YIG hybrid spin valve structure in exploring various spin dependent phenomena.