Effect of Post-Weld Heat Treatment Conditions on Mechanical Properties, Microstructures and Nonductile Fracture Behavior of SA508 Gr.1a Thick Weldments

This study analyzes the effects of post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) on the mechanical properties and microstructures of SA-508 Gr.1a welds and proposes a new PWHT exemption criterion based on nonductile fracture evaluation considering welding residual stress. The welding coupons were prepared with submerged-arc welding, gas-tungsten arc welding, and shielded-metal arc welding, using ferritic steel, SA-508 Gr.1a. The microstructure of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) was analyzed using optical microscopy, electron-back-scatter diffraction and Vickers hardness testing. The mechanical properties of the welds were evaluated by uniaxial tensile test, transverse side bend test, Charpy V-notch impact test and side bend test. Bainite and ferrite structures formed mainly in the HAZ, and the grain size became coarser with proximity to the surface and fusion line. The mechanical properties did not depend strongly on PWHT, weldment thickness or welding techniques, and they satisfied the welding procedure qualification test specified in the ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel code. Welding residual stresses were considered in assessing structural integrity using nonductile fracture evaluation. A margin of safety against nonductile fracture with residual stress was calculated for Korean Standard Nuclear Power Plant steam-generator welds, using its design parameters and operating conditions, and this safety margin is suggested as an acceptance criterion for residual stress for exemption from PWHT. Graphic abstract