Experimental Investigation of Lattice Deformation Behavior in S355 Steel Weldments Using Neutron Diffraction Technique

This study aims to investigate the influence of welding process on the elastic lattice deformation and its effects on fatigue and fracture behavior of S355 G10+M steel, which is widely used in fabrication of offshore wind turbine monopile structures. In situ neutron diffraction measurements were taken on cross-weld test samples at room temperature to monitor the evolution of intergranular strains under static and cyclic loading conditions. Both static and cyclic test results have shown that the {200} orientation exhibits the least load carrying capacity while {211} had the maximum stiffness. The hkl-specific response predicted using Reuss and Kröner model were found to agree well with experimental values obtained for the heat-affected zone for all the orientations; however, discrepancies between the experimental and model predictions have been observed for the base metal and weld metal. Moreover, the microstructural differences between the weld metal and heat-affected zone resulted in the maximum elastic–plastic strain mismatch at the interface of the two regions. The results from this experiment would be useful to understand the role of crystal-specific microstrains and lattice deformation on fatigue and fracture behavior of thick-walled monopile weldments.