The Thórólfsfell tuya, South Iceland – A new type of basaltic glaciovolcano

Basaltic tuyas are glaciovolcanoes that form when substantial focused eruptions take place beneath thick ice. None have been witnessed, so models reconstructing tuya formation are grounded in detailed fieldwork. A key feature of many basaltic tuyas is the presence of volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks that indicate the sustained presence of an encircling meltwater lake during the eruption.