Quantitative analysis on the heat transfer modes in the process of thermal runaway propagation in lithium-ion battery pack under confined and semi-confined space

•The maximum temperature of cell experiencing thermal runaway is inhibited in confined space.•The primary heat transfer mode between two cells is quantitative analysed.•The radiation heat influences the thermal runaway propagation more significantly.•Conduction heat between two adjacent cells should be inhibited first when other cells undergo thermal runaway.