If Freeman had seen the COVID-19 crisis. Reflections over the need for global congruence
INNOVATION AND DEVELOPMENT(2022)
摘要
The objective of this short comment is to reflect on Freeman's concept of congruence from his 2002 article 'Continental, national and sub-national innovation systems-complementarity and economic growth', in the new COVID-19 word. There, Freeman argued about the need for coherence between the different nations' sub-systems and between the national, continental and global spheres in the matter of development. The emphasis was on the different types of (in)congruence of the different sub-systems of societies - e.g. education, science, technology, politics, culture, among others- that led to specific (under)development paths. The COVID - 19 crisis poses a new stage in the globalization process, and development is still a global challenge, both in terms of preventing new crises and overcoming future ones. Connecting the thoughts of Freeman to these challenges might contribute to a necessary renewed debate about development in current times.
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