Design, Fabrication, And Characterization Of Giant Magnetoresistance (Gmr) Based Open-Loop Current Sensor With U-Shaped Current Carrying Conductor

In this work, an open-loop current sensor based on giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect in magnetic multilayered systems was designed and developed. The whole design of the current sensor consisting of a magnetic field sensing element, a current-carrying conductor, a permanent magnet, and a magnetic shield was conceptualized through FEM analyses. The simulated model was then replicated into a prototype de -vice and the output characteristics were investigated thoroughly under different ambient conditions. It was observed that in an analog mode, the sensor output was linear in the current range of +/- 50 A over the temperature range of - 40 degrees C to 125 degrees C and showed a - 3 dB frequency response at 7.5 kHz. A thermal drift and offset were observed at the analog output which further compensated through a commercial mixed -signal conditioner. The compensated output showed a total error less than 1% F.S. over the operating temperature range of - 25 degrees C to 105 degrees C. (c) 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V.