Joint Mass-And-Energy Test Of The Equivalence Principle At The 10(-10) Level Using Atoms With Specified Mass And Internal Energy

We use rubidium atoms with specified mass and internal energy to carry out a joint mass-energy test of the equivalence principle (EP). We improve the four-wave double-diffraction Raman transition method (4WDR) we proposed before to select atoms with a certain mass and angular momentum state, and form a dual-species atom interferometer. By using the extended 4WDR to Rb-85 and Rb-87 atoms with different angular momenta, we measure their differential gravitational acceleration, and we determine the value of the Eotvos parameter,., which measures the strength of the violation of EP. The Eotvos parameters of the four paired combinations Rb-85 vertical bar F = 2 >- Rb-87 vertical bar F = 1 >, Rb-85 vertical bar F = 2 >- Rb-87 vertical bar F = 2 >, Rb-85 vertical bar F = 3 >- Rb-87 vertical bar F = 1 >, and Rb-85 vertical bar F = 3 >- Rb-87 vertical bar F = 2 > were measured to be.1 = (1.5 +/- 3.2) x 10(-10),.2 = (-0.6 +/- 3.7) x 10-10,.3 = (-2.5 +/- 4.1) x 10(-10), and.4 = (-2.7 +/- 3.6) x 10-10, respectively. The violation parameter of mass is constrained to.0 = (-0.8 +/- 1.4) x 10(-10), and that of internal energy to.E = (0.0 +/- 0.4) x 10(-10) per reduced energy ratio a (a = h nu(0)/m(i)(85)c(2), and nu(0) = 1 GHz). This work opens a door for joint tests of two attributes beyond the traditional pure mass or energy tests of EP with quantum systems.