Spatial differentiation of the impact of transport accessibility on the multidimensional poverty of rural households in karst mountain areas

Transportation facilities are crucial prerequisite for enhancing economic development. In karst mountain areas, poverty of peasant households is multifaceted. Elucidating the characteristics of transportation accessibility and multidimensional poverty of peasant households is a crucial basis for combating poverty. Based on the cost–distance weighting method to evaluate the transport accessibility of farmers in the demonstration area, we constructed a sustainable livelihood framework for farmers in the demonstration area to examine the multidimensional poverty of farmers. Then, we used the geographic weighted regression model to explore the spatial differentiation characteristics of transport accessibility and multidimensional poverty. Farmers with high accessibility were primarily distributed near the village committee residents or on both sides of the road, while farmers with low accessibility were primarily located in areas with large slopes and no access roads or access roads but poor road connectivity. In addition, farmers in the demonstration area were usually short of natural capital, the spatial distribution of material capital poverty was notable, the overall poverty value of financial capital was high, the overall human capital was stable, the poverty value of social capital was markedly different, and high and low values interspersed each villager group. Besides, the multidimensional poverty value of farmers in the demonstration area was low (0.2714), which alternated in space and had no significant law. The poverty dimension of farmers in the demonstration area was 2.8242, demonstrating the spatial comparison of Huajiang town north of Beipanjiang in space. We assessed the impact of accessibility on multidimensional poverty of peasant households. The sample of promoting peasant households was marginally lower than that of restrictive peasant households. Besides, the spatial differentiation was characterized by the promotion of villager groups mostly distributed in Wuli village, Xiagu village, and Bashan village in the northern part of the demonstration area. Moreover, the villager group was primarily distributed in non-karst Mugong villages and Yindongwan village, Taiping village, and Chaeryan village in Fengcong depression. Using the quantitative measurement of transportation accessibility and multidimensional poverty and spatial heterogeneity research, we elucidated the measurement methods of transportation accessibility and multidimensional poverty, as well as their spatial differentiation rules, which have crucial practical significance for the formulation of regional anti-poverty policies.