Synthesis, Docking Study, And In Vitro Anticancer Evaluation Of New Flufenamic Acid Derivatives

Novel compounds (6-10) were synthesized and confirmed by spectroscopic analysis, including AT-IR, (HNMR)-H-1 and CHNS. Their cytotoxic effect was evaluated by MTT assay against two cancer cell lines and two normal cell types. Compound 7 exhibited anticancer activity against IMF-7 breast cancer cell line (GI(50) = 63.9 mu g/ml, 148 mu M), without any effect against A549 lung cancer cells, or the normal cells. Compound 7 caused cytotoxicity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells by apoptotic cell death, as suggested by fragmented nuclei after DAPI staining and agarose gel electrophoresis. In addition, treating MCF-7 cells with compound 7 resulted in an increase in the level of caspase 9 mRNA level, and its activation. Moreover, compound 7-treated MCF-7 cells showed enhanced cytochrome c release from the mitochondria to the cytosol, signifying an induction of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Finally, compound 7 exhibited epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase inhibitory activity at (EC50 = 0.13 mu M), which was matched by molecular docking studies that showed compound 7 might be an important EGFR kinase inhibitor.