Light-Driven Micromotors to Dissociate Protein Aggregates That Cause Neurodegenerative Diseases

Nowadays, microrobots are considered appealing mobile carriers for clinical therapies. In this sense, high expectations against unmet medical challenges have been created around microswimmers that combine autonomous navigation with enhanced abilities to perform specific tasks. Neurodegenerative disorders are incurable diseases that have a huge impact on the quality of life for millions of people. To date, protein disaggregation (i.e., dissociation of mature protein fibrils on the origin of the given illness) has been discussed as targeted therapy by means of nonautonomous nanoparticles. Here, self-propelled light-driven single-component micromotors based on concave BiVO4 microspheres are used to disaggregate protein fibrils. Efficient disaggregation is proved to be promoted by the micromotors' intrinsic on-the-fly generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, the helical trajectories observed for these single-component micromotors are thought to be probably behind the uniform distribution of ROS, leading to enhanced protein dissociation. This conceptually promising application of light-driven micromotors with efficient photocatalytic ROS production and distribution can be extended to alternative ROS-based photodynamic therapies against lung or skin cancer, among others.