Reducing pressure oscillation in high-load HCCI combustion via air injection before compression

Pressure oscillation often occurs in high-load homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion, which is a challenge in the development of HCCI engines for automobiles. This work proposes a novel method of reducing the pressure oscillation in HCCI combustion at high loads. The proposed technique injects air into homogeneous mixtures before compression, thereby giving local fuel concentration gradient. The fuel concentration gradient is expected to suppress a rapid pressure rise, resulting in reduced pressure oscillation. High-load HCCI combustion was simulated via a rapid compression machine with a high compression ratio. Varying the period from air injection to compression, that is, the waiting time, controlled the magnitude of fuel concentration gradient. The pressure oscillation was quantified and evaluated via the knock intensity (KI) and the averaged pressure rise rate. For the short waiting time; in other words, when the local fuel concentration gradient was large, the KI was very lower than that for no air injection. The KI, however, increased with the waiting time to approach that for no air injection. The oscillation modes were also different with and without air injection according to a modal analysis. The in-cylinder temperature distribution was visualized via the infrared radiometry to better understand the effect of air injection. For no air injection, the temperature in the cylinder uniformly increased, and the whole mixtures were ignited instantaneously. With air injection and for the short waiting time, on the other hand, hot spots developed on the rim of the injected air where the specific heat ratio was higher and then gradually spread throughout the chamber. Therefore, retarded auto-ignition and subsequently slow spread would limit a rapid pressure rise, resulting in reduced pressure oscillation in HCCI combustion. In conclusion, the proposed technique is effective for reducing the pressure oscillation in high-load HCCI combustion only for the short waiting time.