Microseparations And Microfluidic Studies

Microscale integrated chemical analysis systems have been fabricated which employ electrokinetic chromatography with laser-induced fluorescence detection. The microoptical systems utilize vertical cavity surface emitting diode lasers (VCSELs),: diffractive lenses, microreflectors and diode detectors. The flow channels and diffractive optics have been fabricated in fused silica and the VCSELs are attached to the substrates using flip-chip bonding. The electrokinetic separations make use of micellar separations in open channels and reverse phase separations that use both bead-packed microchannels and lithographically-patterned stationary phase supports. The detailed flow characteristics of these systems is visualized using novel imaging methods.