Magnetization switching and deterministic nucleation in Co/Ni multilayered disks induced by spin-orbit torques (vol 119, 032410, 2021)

We present experimental and numerical results on the magnetization reversal induced by spin-orbit torques of micronic disks of a ferromagnetic multilayer with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy on top of a Pt track: Pt (6 nm)/[Co(0.2 nm)/Ni(0.6 nm)] x 5/Al(5 nm). The current induced magnetization switching process is probed by anomalous Hall effect measurements and Kerr microscopy. The electrical characterization reveals the critical current for the complete reversal to be about 3 x 10(11) A/m(2), and Kerr microscopy uncovers a deterministic nucleation that depends on current and field polarity. Through the use of experimental switching phase diagrams coupled to micromagnetic simulations, we evaluated the field-like to damping-like torque ratio to be 0.73 +/- 0.05, which is in good agreement with experimental values observed by second harmonic measurements. These measurements emphasize an unexpectedly large field-like contribution in this relatively thick Co/Ni multilayer (4 nm). In light of these experiments and simulations, we discuss the key parameters needed to understand the magnetization reversal, namely, the field and damping-like torques and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.