Dosimetric evaluation of irradiation geometry and potential air gaps in an acrylic miniphantom used for external audit of absolute dose calibration for a hybrid 1.5 T MR-linac system

Introduction To investigate the impact of partial lateral scatter (LS), backscatter (BS) and presence of air gaps on optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter (OSLD) measurements in an acrylic miniphantom used for dosimetry audit on the 1.5 T magnetic resonance-linear accelerator (MR-linac) system. Methods The following irradiation geometries were investigated using OSLDs, A26 MR/A12 MR ion chamber (IC), and Monaco Monte Carlo system: (a) IC/OSLD in an acrylic miniphantom (partial LS, partial BS), (b) IC/OSLD in a miniphantom placed on a solid water (SW) stack at a depth of 1.5 cm (partial LS, full BS), (c) IC/OSLD placed at a depth of 1.5 cm inside a 3 cm slab of SW/buildup (full LS, partial BS), and (d) IC/OSLD centered inside a 3 cm slab of SW/buildup at a depth of 1.5 cm placed on top of a SW stack (full LS, full BS). Average of two irradiated OSLDs with and without water was used at each setup. An air gap of 1 and 2 mm, mimicking presence of potential air gap around the OSLDs in the miniphantom geometry was also simulated. The calibration condition of the machine was 1 cGy/MU at SAD = 143.5 cm, d = 5 cm, G90, and 10 x 10 cm(2). Results The Monaco calculation (0.5% uncertainty and 1.0 mm voxel size) for the four setups at the measurement point were 108.2, 108.1, 109.4, and 110.0 cGy. The corresponding IC measurements were 109.0 +/- 0.03, 109.5 +/- 0.06, 110.2 +/- 0.02, and 109.8 +/- 0.03 cGy. Without water, OSLDs measurements were similar to 10% higher than the expected. With added water to minimize air gaps, the measurements were significantly improved to within 2.2%. The dosimetric impacts of 1 and 2 mm air gaps were also verified with Monaco to be 13.3% and 27.9% higher, respectively, due to the electron return effect. Conclusions A minimal amount of air around or within the OSLDs can cause measurement discrepancies of 10% or higher when placed in a high b-field MR-linac system. Care must be taken to eliminate the air from within and around the OSLD.