Photochemical Modeling Of Pm2.5 And Design Measures For Pm2.5 Reduction: A Case Of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Vietnam's urban areas have faced with serious environmental pollution issues, including: water pollution, municipal waste and air pollution. Air in Ho Chi Minh city is polluted by PM2.5 (particle matter with the diameter is less than 2.5 mu m, so-called PM2.5), O3, CO, NO2 and TSP which greatly affects public health. In 2017, Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) had 8,640,000 inhabitants with a total of 7,339,552 motorcycles and 637,323 automobiles. There are about 2,500 factories, 2,061,957 household and 5,096 restaurants in the city. The aim of this study is to (i) conduct a detailed air pollution emission inventory for PM2.5; (ii) stimulate PM2.5's dispersion in HCMC and (iii) propose mitigation measures for PM2.5 in the city. Simulations of air pollution were conducted in HCMC by using TAPM-CTM system model. The model performance was evaluated using observed meteorological data at Tan Son Hoa station and air quality data at the Ho Chi Minh City University of Science. The result states that the sum of air pollutants from main sources of disposal in HCMC is 3,978.32 ton of PM2.5 in 2017. Average maximum 1 hours, 24 hours and annual of PM2.5 concentration in 2017 does not exceed QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT, but it is 1.3 to 2.3 times higher than the WHO's guideline. Therefore, the PM2.5 in HCMC impacts on public health of HCMC. To control and manage the air's quality and minimize the generation of PM2.5 in HCMC there are possible solutions such as the control of air pollutants from the main source, the creation of encouraging policy, the regulation of air pollutants in HCMC and the raising people's awareness of environmental protection.