Twenty Years Of Genes And Qtls Mapping On Linkage Maps In Barley

The intensive progress in the construction and application of molecular, genetic maps of barley has been achieved over the last two decades, that has resulted in better knowledge of barley genome. First, low-density, genetic maps were constructed for individual mapping populations, while the latest, consensus maps of very high-density integrate molecular markers from various, individual maps. Numerous examples of the use of genetic maps in mapping of genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL), responsible for barley plant development and a broad range of agronomically important traits have been described over the last 20 years. Numerous genetic and genomic databases have also been developed for barley, which provide the information on molecular markers, genetic maps, genes and QTL mapping, collect the information on ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tag) or data from microarray experiments. Barley EST collections have been already mined extensively for the identification of a large number of SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) sites, and TDM (Transcript Derived Markers) have been developed based on microarray data. Genotyping of these gene targeted markers with the use of high throughput platforms have allowed recently the construction of gene based, high-density and high quality maps which are a good basis for QTL mapping, candidate gene approach, marker-assisted selection, map-based gene isolation or comparative genomic studies.