Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, Anti-Quorum Sensing And Motility Inhibition Activities Of Essential Oil From Seeds Of Food Spice Xylopia Aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich. On Some Pathogenic Bacteria

Medicinal food excipients can be used to combat microbial infections especially essential oils. Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich is a highly consumed medicinal food spice in Africa and its seeds essential oil was extracted by hydro-distillation and characterized by GC-FID and GC-MS. Its antimicrobial, anti-biofilm, anti-motility and quorum sensing inhibition potentials were evaluated on some pathogenic microorganisms. The identified compounds were grouped as oxygenated monoterpenes (57.06%) and monoterpenes hydrocarbons (28.96%) as major components while sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (5.94%), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (2.29%) and diterpenes (1.79%) where minor constituents. The most abundant constituent in the essential oil is myrtenol (13.25%), an oxygenated monoterpene.The most sensitive gram positive and gram-negative bacteria were S. aureus and P. aeruginosa respectively with MIC values of 0.3125 mu g/mL while the yeast C. albicans showed MIC of 0.625 mu g/mL. Good antibiofilm results were found with highest inhibition percentage in S. aureus varying from 73.0 +/- 3.0 at MIC to 9.0 +/- 0.5 % at MIC/32. Biofilm inhibitions were higher in gram-positive bacteria than for gramnegative and yeast. Highest motility inhibitions were 45.32 +/- 0.10 and 63.84 +/- 3.50% in swimming and swarming models respectively at dose of 100 mu g/mL. The essential oil of X aethiopica showed good antiquorum sensing activity with quorum-sensing inhibition zones of 22.0 +/- 0.5 mm at MIC. The good results show that consumption of X aethiopica is potent biocontrol means to reduce severity and virulence of food pathogens and to reduce their resistance to antibiotics which is a global health problem