Mimicking Age-Associated Gadd45 Dysregulation Results in Memory Impairments in Young Adult Mice

Age-related memory loss is observed across multiple mammalian species and preferentially affects hippocampus-dependent memory. Memory impairments are characterized by accelerated decay of spatial memories. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying these deficits are still largely unknown. Here, we investigated the expression and function of the growth arrest DNA damage (Gadd45) family during aging and cognition, respectively. We report that aging impairs the expression of Gadd45 gamma in the hippocampus of cognitively impaired male mice. Mimicking this decrease in young adult male mice led to age-like memory deficits in hippocampus-dependent memory tasks. Gadd45 gamma reduction impaired the activity of key components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway (p38 and JNK) in mouse hippocampal cultures. Furthermore, we found that activation of downstream targets, such as ATF-2, c-Jun, and CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein), was disrupted. Finally, we showed that Gadd45 gamma is required for induction of key early-and late-response genes that have been associated with aging. Together, these findings indicate that Gadd45 gamma expression regulates cognitive abilities and synapse-to-nucleus communication and suggest Gadd45 gamma dysfunction as a potential mechanism contributing to age-related cognitive impairments.