GPNMB plays an active role in the M1/M2 balance

The phenotypic function of macrophages varies with the local microenvironment. Macrophages play an important role in the development of periodontitis. As one of the sources of GPNMB protein, the phenotype of macrophages is affected by GPNMB expression. In this study, activated macrophages were evaluated by flow cytometry, RT-qPCR and WB, and M2a macrophages had higher GPNMB expression than M0 and M1 macrophages. On this basis, a macrophage model with overexpression of GPNMB was established, and it was observed that GPNMB overexpression promoted the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors by macrophages and inhibited the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors by M1 macrophages.