An Overview Of Fabricating Nanostructured Electrode Materials For Biosensor Applications

Over past few decades different types of nanostructured electrode materials have been reported for the electrochemical analysis and biosensor applications. This article will give overview on the electrode materials based on carbon fiber, carbon nanotube (Single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes), graphene oxide, metal oxide, conducting polymer and nanocomposites. The different electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, amperometry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and analytical methods such as UV-visible spectroscopy have also been overviewed. The biosensing applications of these nanostructured electrodes to the determination of biologically important analytes such as glucose, cholesterol, dopamine, uric acid, ascorbic acid, chitosan, cytochrome c, paraxon, acetylcholinesterase and hypoxanthine have also been reviewed. There are good prospects to fabricate low cost electrode materials, new conception and attractive aspect for the development of future biosensor applications.