Challenges and Techniques of Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) for Efficient Energy Consumption

IoT is a network of connected objects in which these objects can collect data and exchange them using embedded sensors. It permits communication between objects and things, and it binds together units in our universe under a regular infrastructure. It allows not just controlling things around us, but also keeping us educated on the state things. Internet of Things (IoT) devices are used in daily life in many domains such as health, agriculture and many others. In the IoT world, the embedded sensors of connected devices play a major role. These sensors have limited energy capabilities, and any network of such devices is called Low power and Lossy network (LLNs). Many implementations and techniques have been trying to address this issue of energy consumption. This paper focuses on Application Layer techniques and specifically on one of the most important protocols, the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP). We discuss ten of the best energy-efficient techniques to implement the CoAP, and conduct a comparison among these techniques on different levels.