An Energy Efficient Clustered Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a cost-effective networking solution for information updating in the coverage radius or in the sensing region. To record a real time event, large number of sensor nodes (SNs) need to be arranged systematically, such that information collection is possible for longer span of time. But, the hurdle faced by WSN is the limited resources of SNs. Hence, there is high demand to design and implement an energy efficient scheme to prolong the operational lifetime of WSN. Clustering based routing is the most suitable approach to support for load balancing, fault tolerance, and reliable communication to prolong performance parameters of WSN. These performance parameters are achieved at the cost of reduced lifetime of cluster head (CH). Inappropriate CH electionmay lead to more energy dissipation, overburden the CHs and thus degrades the network lifetime. So, there should be an appropriate selection of CHs using efficient routing algorithms to prolong the lifespan of network. To overcome this problem, many researchers make use of optimization algorithms for decision making of CH selection in WSN. This paper illustrates a survey of clustering hierarchical routing protocols along with clustering protocols based on optimization algorithms with possible future directions.