Can Virolution Help Us Understand Recent Human Evolution?

CONTENTS 21.1 Chapter Objectives 21.2 Note to the Reader 21.3 Primer 1:The Concept of Addiction Modules 21.4 Societies of Humans from Societies of Noncoding RNA 21.5 Primer 2: The Concept of QS-C and Social Coherence 442 442 442 443 444 21.6 Some Problems with Communication 445 21.7 Complex Social Phenotypes of Humans: Extended Bonding via Repurposed Regulatory RNA Network 446 21.8 ENCODE Project: Viral Junk as Essential for Complex RNA Regulation 448 21.9 Applying QS-C/Virolution to Noncoding RNA 449 21.10 Virus, Noncoding RNA, and Reprogramming Stem Cells 450 21.11 From Mouse Zygote to Embryo: Networks and Retroposons 451 21.12 Mouse Oocyte and Embryonic Stem Cells 451 21.13 LINES and ERVs 453 21.14 Noncoding RNA, Neuron Identity, and the Human Brain 453 21.15 ERV-Mediated Placenta Emergence 454 21.16 Clash of Zygote Identity and Immunity Networks 455 21.17 Mixed Retroviruses as Essential Regulators 455 21.18 Placental and Maternal Behavior 457 21.19 Bruce Effect and Extended Social Bonding 457 21.20 Pregnancy Hormones: Maternal Bonding and ERV Networks 459 21.21 Snapback RNA Networks, Virus, and Human Behavior 461 Glossary 462 Review Questions 463 References 464