Refinement Of Print'S Model In Designing A Ladderized Program

This article describes the steps in the refinement of Print's Curriculum Model to make it suitable in designing a ladderized program in Hospitality Management. The factors to be considered in designing ladderized programs were identified through a thorough review of literature on the principles and requirements of lifelong learning systems and were incorporated into the 3 phases of Organization, Development and Application within Print's Model. Four factors were identified as essential to ladderized programs : the critical role of teachers, the primacy of situational analysis, alignment of the four elements of curriculum intent, content, learning activities and instructional evaluation with the development of lifelong learning skills; and the presence of educational reforms in the external environment which foster lifelong learning. These factors were incorporated into Print's Model to guide curriculum developers in designing ladderized programs.