Connectivity between the hippocampus and default mode network during the relief – but not elicitation – of curiosity supports curiosity-enhanced memory enhancements

Consistent with the idea that curiosity enhances information seeking, it has been shown that activity within both the dopaminergic circuit and hippocampus supports curiosity-enhanced learning. However, the role of whole-brain mechanisms involved in cognitive control (fronto-parietal network; FPN) and memory integration (default mode network; DMN) that might underpin curiosity states and their effects on memory remain elusive. We hypothesised that the FPN and DMN should distinguish between high- and low-curiosity conditions and be recruited more heavily for later remembered information associated with high-curiosity. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging whilst participants completed a trivia paradigm, in which we presented trivia questions associated with high- and low-curiosity, followed by the associated answer. After a short delay, we tested memory for trivia answers. We adopted a network-based parcellation of the brain into subnetworks of the FPN and DMN to examine how neural activity within, and functional connectivity between, each subnetwork predicts curiosity-enhanced memory. Across elicitation and relief of curiosity, we found focal recruitment of FPNA and widespread recruitment of DMN subnetworks in support of curiosity and curiosity-enhanced memory. Most importantly, during the elicitation of curiosity, functional subcortical connectivity and across cortical networks, but not subcortical-cortical coupling, correlated with curiosity-enhanced memory. However, during the relief of curiosity, coupling between subcortical regions and DMNA emerged in support of curiosity-enhanced memory. Taken together, our results provide the first evidence about how neuromodulatory mechanisms via the hippocampal-dopaminergic circuit trigger states of curiosity and thereby communicate to higher-order cortical regions to facilitate curiosity-enhanced memory. Significant statement Does neural activity within, and functional connectivity between, the dopaminergic-hippocampal network, fronto-parietal network (FPN), and default mode network (DMN) underpin curiosity states and their effects on memory? Here, we show how the dopaminergic system together with the hippocampus interact specifically with subnetwork DMNA potentially reflecting how subcortical regions support the enhancement of memory intergration of semantic information associated with curiosity. As DMNA (the core DMN subnetwork) was also functionally coupled with the whole DMN network and the semantic control network (FPNA), these findings provide a plausible neuromodulatory mechanism through which hippocampal-dopaminergic input triggers curiosity and then communicates to higher-order brain regions via DMNA to facilitate curiosity-enhanced memory. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.