Anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activities of black cumin extracts in in vitro and in vivo model systems

Black cumin ( Nigella sativa ) is a widely used ingredient of traditional medicine for its broad-spectrum pharmacological actions, including anti-allergic, bronchial asthma, and anti-inflammatory properties. We sought to evaluate BC extracts’ efficacy for their anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory properties using a comprehensive in vitro, in vivo , and silico experimental setup. To investigate whether BC extract has anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and analgesic therapeutic potentials in vitro and in vivo . The activity of BC was assessed through anti-allergic activity on rat basophilic leukemia-2H3 cell line, anti-inflammatory activity on J774.1A cell line, anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, analgesic activity by acetic acid-induced writhing test, and ingenuity analysis of the BC extracts in inflammation control. BC exerted potent anti-allergic activity by inhibiting antigen-induced degranulation. An anti-inflammatory effect is shown by inhibiting TNF-α production. The acetic acid-induced writhing test shown a dose-dependent reduction of writhing number following BC administration. Rat paw edema test shown the dose-dependent reduction of paw edema volume following BC administration. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) suggested BC extracts containing ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, kaempferol, and quercetin can inhibit inflammation. This study suggests that bioactive compounds in BC extract act as an anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory agent by regulating several downstream and upstream inflammation pathways. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. * BC : Black cumin RBL : Rat basophilic leukemia IPA : Ingenuity Pathway Analysis AWA : Acetone-water-acetic acid DMSO : Dimethyl sulfoxide