High-Level Synthesis design approach for Number-Theoretic Transform Implementations

Lattice-based cryptography performs polynomial multiplication using the Number Theoretic Transform (NTT), in order to reduce the polynomial multiplication complexity from $O\left(n^{2}\right)$ to $O(n \log n)$. NTT has been in the center of investigation in cryptography space, as it is applied in many cryptography schemes such as hash functions, homomorphic encryption, key-encapsulation mechanisms...