Comparison Between Manual and Automated Annotations of Eco-Acoustic Recordings Collected in Fukushima Restricted Zone.

Since 2016, long-term ecological recordings have been conducted in the Fukushima restricted zone to monitor biodiversity. In this paper, we use the simple Dice index to compare the human annotations of bird activities with automatic bird-detection recordings. The results show strong differences with respect to the types of soundscapes. On average, human and automatic annotations matched well at sunrise. In fact, they matched better at sunrise at the start of summer than at sunset at the end of the summer. This effect may be due to the quality of the bird songs that vary with the season and time of the day. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that this effect has been investigated by considering the estimation of bird activities in long-term surveys of specific areas, such as the Fukushima restricted zone.