Quality Characteristics and Anthocyanin Profiles of Different Vitis amurensis Grape Cultivars and Hybrids from Chinese Germplasm

To evaluate the important Vitis amurensis germplasm, the quality characteristics and anthocyanin profiles of the ripe berries of 20 V. amurensis grapes and 11 interspecific hybrids in two consecutive years were analysed. Compared with the V. vinifera grapes, V. amurensis grapes had small berries with low total soluble solids and high titratable acids, and were richer in phenolic compounds except for flanan-3-ols in their skins but had lower phenolic contents in their seeds and showed lower antioxidant activities. An outstanding feature of the V. amurensis grapes was their abundant anthocyanin contents, which was 8.18-fold higher than the three wine grapes of V. vinifera. The anthocyanin composition of V. amurensis was characterized by an extremely high proportion of diglucoside anthocyanins (91.71%) and low acylated anthocyanins (0.04%). Interestingly, a new type of speculated 3,5,7-O-triglucoside anthocyanins was first identified and only detected in V. amurensis grapes and hybrids. Based on the total phenolic and anthocyanin characteristics, V. amurensis grapes were set apart from V. vinifera cultivars and the interspecific hybrids, for the same qualities, fell between them, as assessed by principal component analysis.