Overview of incorporation of inorganic antimicrobial materials in denture base resin: A scoping review

Statement of problem. Dental hygiene for institutionalized patients and recurring Candidaassociated denture stomatitis remain problematic because of a patient's limited dexterity or inability to eliminate Candida from denture surfaces. Although there has been extensive research into antimicrobial modification of denture base resins with inorganic materials, scoping reviews of the literature to identify knowledge gaps or efficacy of inorganic antimicrobial materials in denture base resins are lacking.Purpose. The purpose of this scoping review was to provide a synopsis of the efficacy of the major classes of inorganic antimicrobial materials currently incorporated into denture base resins.Material and methods. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews was applied. Four electronic databases, including Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, were accessed for articles in the English language, up to February 2019, without restrictions on the date of publication.Results. From the 53 articles selected, 25 distinguishable inorganic materials were found and divided into 3 subgroups. Forty-three articles evaluated nanomaterials, where mostly silver ion nanoparticles and/or titanium dioxide nanoparticles were incorporated into denture base resins. Fourteen articles examined antimicrobial drugs and medications, including azole group medications, amphotericin-B, Bactekiller, chlorhexidine, Novaron, and Zeomic. Two articles classified as others explored hydroxyapatite-and fiber-incorporated denture base resins. Conclusions. Although nanotechnology and antimicrobial medications or drugs have been successfully used to reduce Candida-associated denture stomatitis, long-term solutions are still lacking, and their disadvantages continue to outweigh their advantages.